2010年Jeff Dean在一次演讲中给出了一份所有程序员都应该了解的数据。不过这组数据其实有些过时了，Colin Scott这位有心人重新整理了一份数据，并且还是随时间变化的，对比起来看非常有意思。更新今年的数据如下：
L1 cache reference ........................... 1 ns
Branch mispredict ............................ 3 ns
L2 cache reference ........................... 4 ns
Mutex lock/unlock ........................... 17 ns
Main memory reference ...................... 100 ns
Send 2K bytes over commodity network ....... 500 ns = 0.5 μs
Compress 1K bytes with Zippy ............. 2,000 ns = 2 μs
SSD random read ......................... 16,000 ns = 16 μs
Read 1 MB sequentially from memory ...... 15,000 ns = 15 μs
Read 1 MB sequentially from SSD ........ 200,000 ns = 0.2 ms
Round trip within same datacenter ...... 500,000 ns = 0.5 ms
Read 1 MB sequentially from disk ..... 2,000,000 ns = 2 ms
Disk seek ............................ 4,000,000 ns = 4 ms
Send packet CA->Netherlands->CA .... 150,000,000 ns = 150 ms
可以看到最近十年来CPU、高速缓存以及总线的速度变化并不大；硬盘的寻道和顺序读的速度略有提升；SSD的速度也提升了10倍；主流商用网络的速度发展惊人，提升了40倍。这应该也跟我们日常的直观感觉是契合的，而当年所说的网络即硬盘的趋势正一步步成为现实。